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Explore the emergence of environmental debates in development theory over the last fifty years.
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Richard Thomas Explore the emergence of environmental debates in development theory over the last fifty years. This essay looks at the background leading up to, and reasons for, the emergence of environmental debates in development theory over the last fifty years. It will illustrate the issues and discourses present in environmental debates, the actors and debators, and with reference to examples from both 'developed' and 'developing' countries, show how environmentalism challenges modern development theory. We start by looking at how environmental concerns, despite their historical presence in ancient philosophies and civilizations (Redclift, 1987), were marginalised through the creation and evolution of the post-war 'development project'. The end of the Second World War in 1945 marked the beginnings of major changes in the theory of development on a worldwide scale. The system of formal colonialism, which accounted for 84.6% of the world's land surface in the 1930s (Jones, 2001), broke down. The US...
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