What were the aims of British politics in the context of the 'Eastern Question' and how were they pursued?
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What were the aims of British politics in the context of the 'Eastern Question' and how were they pursued? The term 'Eastern Question' is defined by Stokes as originally being the issue of 'which of the Great Powers, Russia or Austria, would take the place of The Sick Man of Europe (the Ottoman Empire) in the Balkans.' However the problem gained complexity as the nineteenth century progressed because 'a third possibility arose: that the Ottoman Empire would be replaced by national states.'1 This alternative developed as a result of the example set by triumph of western democracy, symbolised by the French Revolution and the nexus of ideas and institutions that grew out of it. Phrases such as 'nationalism', 'fraternity', 'liberty', 'equality' and 'popular sovereignty' started to infiltrate the hierarchical societies of the Ottoman controlled Balkan states, which gradually began to foster dreams of independence. Intellectuals and publicists in the Balkan...

