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Copper extraction Copper minerals were formed in hydrothermal deposits, along with other minerals like silver, zinc and lead. The hydrothermal deposits are deep underground and under high pressure and temperature. The pressure stops the water from boiling and the temperature helps the minerals to dissolve into solution. The minerals come from liquid magma. When the magma comes to the crust it cools and forms granite and the hot solution. As it cools cracks appear in the crust and the less dense solution fills those cracks. When the solution gets nearer the surface it cools and the minerals start to crystallise. The different minerals crystallise at different times because the some have lower boiling point than others. When they crystallise they become metal sulphides. The copper minerals become Chalcopyrite. The cracks with the minerals in are called lodes. When the cracks reach the surface these lodes are exposed to air, when this...

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