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... Shock Syndromes Shock is defined as an alteration in tissue perfusion that occurs at the cellular level. Shock is a process that causes the eventual shutdown of all body systems in a systematic order. The final common pathway in all types of shock is the switching of cellular metabolism from aerobic to anaerobic. Anaerobic metabolism results in activation of the inflammatory response, decreased circulatory volume and decreasing pH. Three major classifications: 1. Hypovolemic 2. Cardiogenic 3. Distributive -anaphylactic shock -neurogenic shock -septic shock Hypovolemic Shock * Occurs when there is a significant loss of circulating blood or fluid, either by direct loss, or redistribution (third-spacing) * Most common causes are hemorrhage, burns and dehydration * May be seen when the total circulating blood volume has been decreased by 15-20% (approx. 500-1500 ml) Cardiogenic Shock * Occurs when the pumping action of the heart fails * Most common causes are myocardial infarction, cardiac trauma, cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure Distributive Shock * Occurs when blood vessels

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