What according to Putnam are the issues at stake in assessing the question as to whether we could be 'brains in a vat'?
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What according to Putnam are the issues at stake in assessing the question as to whether we could be 'brains in a vat'? Alexander Webb The crucial philosophical questions explored in Hillary Putnam's response to the modern age, ontological, external-world sceptical challenge of 'brains in a vat' are the issues of whether there is a real, necessary connection between images and what they represent. This entails the question of reference, which is, when is it appropriate to conclude that something (a line drawing in the sand) refers adequately to the object which it appears to represent (Winton Churchill's image)? Specifically Putnam focuses on whether reference is something dependent on the mind or the world, thus drawing the distinction or gap between the two. The issue of causal links between thoughts and what they are of also plays a most active role in Putnam's discussion, and the crux of Putnam's paper is...

