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VoIP - RED, YELLOW OR GREEN LIGHT? Abstract - This paper describes the fundamental functionalities of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and also provides an insight into the current issues that constrain VoIP from being universally utilized as a business telecommunications tool. VoIP transmits voice signals via a packet switched network rather than the traditional public switched telephone network (PSTN). Circuit switching underpins the PSTN compared with VoIP's use of packet switching. Equipment such as a digital private branch exchange (IP_PBX) needs to be installed in order to operate VoIP. The main protocols encompass H.323, SIP and RTP. Cost savings for long distance calls are among the potential benefits of implementing VoIP in businesses. However, there are a few concerns regarding the quality of service from the technology on a software and hardware perspective. Such concerns revolve around latency, jitter, packet loss, reliability and additional hardware costs. Index Terms -H.323, POTS, RTP,...

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