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Life span Psychology Kohlberg identified six stages of moral reasoning grouped into three major levels. Each level represented a fundamental shift in the social-moral perspective of the individual. At the first level, the precorventional level, a person's moral judgement are characterized by a concrete, individual perspective. Within this level a stage 1 obedience and punishment orientation focuses on avoiding breaking rules that are backed by punishment, obedience for its own sake and avoiding the physical consequences of an action to person's and property. The immediate physical consequences of an action determine its goodness or badness. Though this stage is characteristic of elementary kids, basing an argument on punishment and obedience, adults as well as children can function at this level. This stage lacks the ability to consider the perspective of others. At stage 2. individualism and exchange there is some recognition of morality. Exchange is the key. "You do...

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