Discussing the cases of Van Gend En Loos (Case 26/62), Von Colson (14/83) and Francovich (Cases 6 & 9/90)

... EC Economic and Social Law 1 Discuss why Van Gend En Loos (Case 26/62), Von Colson (14/83) and Francovich (Cases 6 & 9/90 have all played their important part in providing avenues which enabled private party applicants to enforce rights given to them by various provisions of EC Law in their national courts. The ability of private parties to enforce European Community law in national courts is now an essential feature of the integrated legal system set up by the European Community. Although the European Court of Justice is the supreme court of the European Community, the onus is on the lower; that is to say national, courts to apply the Community law. Private parties can apply to national courts to enforce their Community rights where their national law provides lesser rights than Community law. However, where the national courts are unclear on the meaning of the Community legislation, they may seek

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