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Describe the various ways judges approach the task of interpreting statutes. Use cases to illustrate your answer.  

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2 (a) Describe the various ways judges approach the task of interpreting statutes. Use cases to illustrate your answer It is estimated that in the Court of Appeal 2/3 of all cases requires statutory interpretation (SI) and in the House of Lords, virtually every case requires it. There are several ways judges can carry out SI, they have intrinsic and extrinsic aids to help them, and they can also use Presumption, however, judges often use the four rules of construction. These rules, also known as 'canons', would be better described as choices rather than rules, as the judges can use whichever rule they want, to reach the outcome they want. The first rule of construction is the Literal Rule, which means, as Lord Esher stated, 'if the words of an act are clear, you must follow them even if they lead to a manifest absurdity'. It has been criticised for two main reasons....

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