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CIVIL LIBERTIES O&S CH 5 CIVIL LIBERTIES • Civil liberties are the personal rights and freedoms that the federal government cannot abridge, either by law, constitution, or judicial interpretation. • These are limitations on the power of government to restrain or dictate how individuals act. The Bill of Rights • The Bill of Rights consists of the first ten amendments to the Constitution and includes specific guarantees such as free speech, free press, and religion. • The proposed Bill of Rights was sent to the states for ratification and was approved in 1791. The Incorporation Doctrine • The Bill of Rights was designed to limit the powers of the national government. • In 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment was added to the Constitution and its language suggested that the protections of the Bill of Rights might also be extended to prevent state infringement of those rights. • The amendment begins: "No state shall....deprive any person, of life, liberty, or property...

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