"Pastor of souls" or "Lord of this world": which sums up the popes of your period better?
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"Pastor of souls" or "Lord of this world": which sums up the popes of your period better? The papacy during this period can be seen as either the spiritual guardian of the western Christendom or as a temporal power claiming supreme jurisdiction over all other churches and indeed states. It is difficult to deny the increasing claims of papal jurisdiction over secular rulers however this was balanced by a spirit of reform and founding of new orders. Such is the enduring strength and continuity of the papacy that it is easy to forget that it has evolved and adapted across the centuries. From an insignificant community in the imperial capital in the days of the Roman Empire, the Church of Rome developed into the most influential and important governmental institution in the medieval period. Papal primacy had been only slowly established after its theoretical formulation in the time of Leo (440-461)....


