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The End of the Empire: The Commonwealth of Nations By: Pereira By the end of the 19th century Britain controlled the oceans and her empire covered one-fifth of the earth's land surface and contained over 370 million people. In 1876, the title "Empress of India" was conferred by Act of Parliament on Queen Victoria and most British strongly believed in their right to an empire, and were willing to defend it against the least threat. They had developed a sense of superiority over other peoples of the world, seeing themselves as a "governing race". However, this arrogant racialism was accompanied by a sense of obligation towards the native peoples. Joseph Chamberlain, colonial secretary from 1896 to 1903, believed that British colonial rule could only be justified "if we can show that it adds to the happiness and prosperity of the people". Thus, long before the First World War,...

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