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INTRODUCTION The experiments began in 1927 at the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company in Cicero, Illinois (1927-1932). Mayo joined the company in early 1928. The Western Electric Company, manufacturer of telephone equipment at its Hawthorne Works, had a policy of high wages and good working conditions for employees and of using modern placement techniques. For twenty years before the research began, mangers considered general morale high among employees and the incidence of industrial conflict infrequent. In collaboration with the National Research Council the company studied the relationship between the intensity of illumination at work and the output of workers. No simple direct relations appeared because many psychological factors interfered. To control them, especially the factor of fatigue, researchers asked six girls to work in a test room away from their regular department; to be subject to changes in working hours, rest pauses, and other conditions; and to have their comments...

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