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What has the work of Rowan (1999) and Hanley and Abell (2002) added to our understanding of Maslow's Theory of Human Development?  

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Submitted Dec, 2003 What has the work of Rowan (1999) and Hanley and Abell (2002) added to our understanding of Maslow's Theory of Human Development? Rowan, J. (1999). Ascent and Descent in Maslow's Theory. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 39(3), 125-133. Hanley, S.J. and Abell, S.C. (2002). Maslow and Relatedness: Creating an Interpersonal Model of Self-Actualization. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 42(4), 37-57. The two articles discussed in this review bring new insights to our understanding of Maslow's theory of human development. Although both articles accept Maslow's basic principles of a hierarchy of needs, each address inherent restrictions of the model as an account of personal optimal functioning (self actualisation). Rowan (1999) highlights processing limitations within the hierarchy, and considers contrasts between abundance and deficiency motivation in order to propose a modified bi-directional model. Whereas Hanley and Abell (2002) consider the lack of relatedness in Maslow's theory and draw on feminist, existentialist and environmentalist critiques...

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