What are the various trade instruments (laws) that are available to U.S. industries hurt by what they perceive to be unfair competition?
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Standing up for Steel IPE Essay notes What are the various trade instruments (laws) that are available to U.S. industries hurt by what they perceive to be unfair competition? The U.S. has an arsenal of trade instruments available to them to redress domestic grievances about unfair competition abroad. * Quotas - begun in 1969, allowed some imports to continue. * voluntary export restraints/import agreements - quota-like voluntary agreements used by Nixon, Reagan and Bush 41. * minimum price ("trigger price") undertakings - a certain amount of steel was allowed into the country if it was sold at or above a trigger price. * antidumping measures - deal specifically with unfair trade; if a union or group of domestic steel makers believed a steel product was being imported at an unfair price ("dumped"), it could obligate Commerce to initiate an investigation. If injury was found, a margin of dumping was determined and a case made before the ITC...

