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1. How would you explain the emergence of Knowledge Management as a managerial phenomenon? Knowledge Management (KM) can be defined as any process or practice of creating, acquiring, capturing, sharing and using knowledge, wherever it resides, to enhance learning and performance in organisations (Quintas et al., 1997; Prusak, L., 1997). There are some reasons that appear to lead to the emergence of KM. First, it is in part a reaction to the massive downsizing and BRP (Business Process Reengineering) of the 1990s (Zorn, T. E., 2001). On one hand, downsizing and BPR have led to a flatter and more decentralized organisational structure favouring knowledge sharing; on the other hand, as Swan et al. (1999) state, downsizing and BPR have resulted organisations in a loss of important forms of organisational knowledge embodied in middle management groups and embedded within functional or professional disciplines. KM is thus regarded as essentially correct in...

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