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Diversity in symbiotic protoctists Protoctists are all the unicellular eukaryotes and all the multicellular eukaryotes that are neither plants, animals nor fungi (Ridge, 2001, p29). Symbiosis is a mode of life in which different organisms live in close association that may or may not be beneficial to one or both partners (GLO CD-ROM, Open University) There are two main forms of symbiosis within protoctists: mutualism and parasitism. Mutualism is one of two types of symbiosis and is the first I am going to write about and give examples. Mutualism is a type of symbiotic association between two organisms, from which both partners may benefit. In order to know how symbiosis influenced diversification in protoctists we have to go back and have a look at the interactions between bacteria and early protoctists (one example of mutualism) where the complex mitochondria was acquired by endosymbiosis. This allowed protoctists to switch from anaerobic respiration to aerobic...

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