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There are three main components in the difference between untrained individuals and trained athletes: * Physiological * Psychological * Mechanical Explain the advantages, of each of the above components, those elite trained athletes have over their untrained peers. The physiological advantages that elite trained athletes have over their untrained peers is their bodies are more capable of completing an exercise more efficiently. Adaptations to their bodies that elite athletes may have resulting from aerobic training are hypertrophy of the heart, increases in stoke volume and cardiac output, bradychardia, changes in skeletal muscle such as an increase in the size and number of mitochondria, increased capillarisation, increased enzyme activity involved in energy production, increased energy stores, increase in blood volume and less lactic acid production during sub-maximal exercise, the respiratory muscles become more efficient, increases in maximum minute ventilation, an increase I the body's capacity to utilise fats and a reduction in blood pressure and a...

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