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Cognition and Emotion / PSY 205 The Neuroanatomical and Neuropharmacological Bases of Aggression The Neuroanatomical and Neuropharmacological Bases of Aggression Aggression is the term most commonly used to describe when animals threaten, bite and/or kill one another (Panskepp, 1998). Although this behaviour is not universal or one-dimensional, with many invertebrates and almost all vertebrates displaying aggression, including humans. Where does this behaviour originate? The scientific community once believed aggression to be a solely socially learned behaviour, but the use of Electrical Stimulation of the Brain (ESB) in animals - inducing aggressive behaviour - has disproved this theory. ESB is a procedure whereby subjects' brains are excited in a specific area through the use of an electrode. The area excited can be very specific, allowing precise mapping of suspected areas that control certain functions. Essentially, a small current excites the nearby neurons, and the observers are able to note the subject's reaction (Panskepp 1998)....

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