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The study of intelligence has always been a controversial topic because it has often been embroiled in politics - the politics of education, work and even race.
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The study of intelligence has always been a controversial topic because it has often been embroiled in politics - the politics of education, work and even race. Perhaps another reason that it has been controversial is that many people see the process of arriving at a measure of intelligence as being reductionist and biased. However, a true understanding of the measurement of intelligence must involve the following: a study of the statistical theory on which it is based; the concept of common factor of performance (and the different manifestations of ability); and the role of genes and environment in this process. Only then can the measurement of intelligence be evaluated and compared to other methods. Intelligence has been defined as "a general reasoning capacity useful in problem-solving tasks of all kinds" (Kline, 1991, p. 6). The idea of quantifying this ability began with an attempt to establish norms of intelligence...
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