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'Describe the major phenomena of learning that are common to both Classical and Instrumental conditioning'.
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'Describe the major phenomena of learning that are common to both Classical and Instrumental conditioning' Behaviourists believe that although we are born with certain in-built reflexes and mechanisms, the majority of our behaviour is learnt through interaction with our environment. They believe all examples of behaviour can be explained by the stimulus-response approach, the stimulus being defined as any event which has an effect on an organism, and the response as a physiological reaction or act (Lang & Teahan 2001). There are two main behaviourist approaches, classical (respondent), and instrumental (operant) conditioning. Both of these approaches are types of associative learning, where we learn through the consequences of our behaviour. Classical conditioning is learning through associations, it works on reflexes that are already present. It was first described in detail in 1972 by the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov was investigating the salivatory reflex in dogs, a response that is...
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