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Compare and contrast the contributions to progressive educational thought of Sigmund Freud and Jean Piaget. During most of the twentieth century, the term "progressive education" has been used to describe ideas and practices that aim to make schools more effective agencies of a democratic society. Emerging from the progressive politics of the twentieth century United States, the new breed of educators emphasized that they did not "enforce" education, and that each student was as instrumental in their own development as the teacher they rely on. Although there are differences of style and emphasis among progressive educators, they share the conviction that democracy means active participation by all citizens in social, political and economic decisions that will affect their lives, including their own education. The education of engaged citizens, according to this perspective, involves two essential elements: Respect for diversity, meaning that the development of critical, socially engaged intelligence, which enables individuals...

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