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As children grow and develop, they are continually acquiring new skills to help them reason and solve problems. These cognitive processes enable them to learn, perceive and remember new and unfamiliar information. Developmental psychologists have been particularly interested in the study of what actually drives cognitive development since around about the 1930's. Previously it was assumed that cognitive development was a passive process. The more radical constructivist approaches of the 1950's studies challenged this assumption and questioned whether or not humans have a pre-programmed genetic blueprint of the stages involved in mental development throughout childhood. A particularly influential theorist in early studies of cognitive development was a psychologist named Jean Piaget. Initially studying his own children but then moving onto clinical studies of sample groups, Piaget used a system of question and answer techniques to assess how children of different ages solved a variety of problems. Piaget defined intelligence as a...

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