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Some tips of Cognitive-semantic theory. This theory is not about reference in the usual sense, where elements are mentally set up, pointed to and identified by language forms. They do not refer to such elements: if there is to be reference, it will go from the elements in mental spaces to the objects referred to. The standard way of trying to account for the multiple meanings of a given linguistic form consists in associating it systematically, at a more abstract level, with a set of representations (logical forms, semantic structures, etc.). The space theory reveals a different organization: there are relatively simple grammatical structures that give instructions for space constructions in context, which are often undeterminated by the grammatical instructions; thus, simple construction principles and simple linguistic structures may yield multiple space configurations, and this creates an illusion of structural complexity. Language, then, is not merely interpreted with respect to...

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