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Memory Model Advantages Disadvantages Multi-store Memory - Atkinson & Shiffrin (1974) * Provided the basic framework for other models. * Many Psychologists find this model useful. * Good explanation on serial position effect. * Useful research on brain damage. * Theory suggests that memory is passive. * Too simple - both STM and LTM is widely thought to be subdivided into several stores. * Describes rehearsal as the main component used in memory. Working Memory - Baddeley & Hitch (1967) * Suggests that storage and processing of information are both within the same theoretical framework. * Describes rehearsal as one of several components used in memory. * Explanation of different memory stores. * Explains multi-tasking in more depth. * Explanation of central executive is vague. * No explanation into the possible change in the operation of the central executive when tasks are practised or rehearsed. Levels of Processing - Craik & Lockhart (1972) * Recognises variation in ability to recall information due to infinite diversities in complex of factors...

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