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How do we perceive colour?

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How do we perceive colour? The unique function of the visual system is the ability to transmit light energy into neural activity that is processed in the brain and leads to the sensation of vision. Being able to see colours offers many advantage, including the ability to detect, discriminate and identify objects and symbols, and thus provides the ability to identify and avoid danger. This essay is an attempt to describe the underlying physiological processes of the normal human colour vision and explain existing theories in connection with it. Firstly, a general description of the physical properties of light will be presented. Secondly, the categories of colours, followed by a discussion about the difference between mixing distinct paint colours and light colours. Thirdly, the physiological basis of the colour vision will be discussed. Finally, theories, which are concerned with the mechanisms that underlie colour vision, will be described and connections between them...

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