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Are visual illusions due to low-level, so-called "bottom-up" processing, or are they aberrations of high-level, more "cognitive", processing?
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Are visual illusions due to low-level, so-called "bottom-up" processing, or are they aberrations of high-level, more "cognitive", processing? When a perception departs from the external world, to disagree with physical reality, we say we experience an illusion (Gregory, 2003). An illusion must, therefore be defined as a discrepancy between what is perceived and what is objectively present in the world. Ironically, most visual illusions can be attributed to perceptual constancies that ordinarily help us to perceive more accurately (Frisby, 1980). Perception in daily life is shot through with illusions. Sometimes we are aware of them but more often we are not-for the simple reason that we do not go around analysing and measuring objects we perceive (Rock, 1995). But how and why do we experience these visual illusions? To what extent does experience influence perception of visual stimuli? Psychologists have traditionally taken two opposing stands. Perceptions influenced by the...
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