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Are Flashbulb memories special? Roger Brown and James Kulik were two researchers who became interested in the reports that people had astonishingly detailed and vivid memories for learning news of some shocking event. These memories were so clear and unrelenting that Brown and Kulik called them Flashbulb memories (FMs). The quintessential example of flashbulb memory is the assassination of President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963. What caught Brown and Kulik's interest was not that people could remember JFK's assassination but that people could recall the event with accurate detail even 30 years after as well as their personal circumstances when they first heard the news (features which are not seen in autobiographical memory formation.) Brown and Kulik (1977) introduced the FM concept to express the idea that this type of memory preserves knowledge of an event in an almost unalterable way - that there is a special flashbulb...

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