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Why do we have the colour vision system that we have?

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Why do we have the colour vision system that we have? "The rays are not colour'd" - according to Isaac Newton, colour is something we perceive ourselves (Thompson, et al, 2006). In order to understand why we perceive colour the way we do, we must ask why we have the colour vision system that we have, what colour is, what it enables us to do, and the repercussions of the alternative options to colour vision. Advantages of having a colour vision system, and more specifically a trichromatic colour vision system, appear to be firmly grounded in the evolutionary approach. White light consists of many different wavelengths, most clearly seen in a rainbow, where the raindrops, as prisms, split the different wavelengths so we can see their individual paths, or individual colours. Newton described these wavelengths in terms of their colour, ranging from short to long wavelengths: red, orange, yellow, green, blue,...

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