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Most organic chemicals and many inorganic ones are subject to enzymatic attack through the activities of living organisms. Some of the main groups of pollutants in the environment, which can contaminate land, water, and air, are inorganic such as metals and nitrates, organics such as sewage, petrochemicals and synthetic compounds. The actions of enzymes on these chemicals are summed up under the term biodegradation. Biodegradation is the natural degradation of matter in the natural environment in the absence of any human interference however bioremediation in contrast is characterised by human interference and is the technology of pollution treatment using biological systems to transform and convert various pollutant species (contaminants) in the environment to less toxic or non-toxic forms. Enzymes perform a wide range of very important functions throughout the nature. They are highly specific and efficient, guiding the biochemistry of life with great precision. Bioremediation uses microorganisms, which provide catalyst (enzymes) to...

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