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How is DNA Sequencing done? There are two main methods by which DNA sequencing is performed, the Maxam and Gilbert method, and the Sanger method. Both methods were developed in 1977 and initially they were used equally, however more recently preference has been given to the Sanger method. The Maxam and Gilbert method uses the principle of chemical degradation, and can be used on either double stranded or single stranded DNA. It requires the DNA fragment which is to be sequenced to be labelled at one end. This is done by adding a radioactive phosphate to the 3'- or 5'- end, or by adding a nucleotide to the 3'- end. The next step involves base-specific cleavages, which occur in two parts. Initially the base is modified using specific chemicals, such as dimethyl sulphate to methylate at G bases, formic acid to attack purines A and G, and hydrazine to hydrolyse at...

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