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HOW TO IDENTIFY AN UNKNOWN ORGANIC COMPOUND Firstly, you will need identify the functional group of the compound present. The standard state of the sample will narrow down the choice of what type of compound it is. In this case, as it is in a liquid state, it must be one of: an alcohol, ester, ketone, aldehyde, carboxylic acid or phenol. An alcohol can be determined by use of Lucas reagent. An ester by use of Bradys reagent. A ketone or aldehyde by use of 2,4-dinitrophelyhydrazine. If a positive result (orange precipitate), the compund can be oxidised by use of a suitable oxidising reagent such as acidified dichromate ion (VI) if it is a ketone, it will not be oxidised if it is an aldehyde (orange to green indicates oxidation has taken place). A carboxylic acid will react with 10% sodium carbonate vigorously by effervescence. Phenol will form a white precipitate...

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