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STRUCTURE: FORM VS FUNCTION By Danielle Cove Senior Thesis 5/10/02 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 2 INTRODUCTION 4 3 STRUCTURES 5 3.1 FUNCTION AND STRUCTURE 5 3.2 ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS 5 4 BUILDING CODES 5 5 LOADS 5 5.1 STATIC LOADS 5 5.1.1 Dead Loads 5 5.1.2 Live Loads 5 5.2 DYNAMIC LOADS 6 5.2.1 Impact Loads 6 5.2.2 Earthquake Loads 6 5.2.2.1 Richter Scale 6 5.2.3 Thermal and Settlement Loads 6 5.2.4 Resonance 7 5.3 WIND LOADS 7 5.3.1 Wind Drift 8 6 MATERIALS 8 6.1 STEEL 8 6.2 REINFORCED CONCRETE 8 6.3 PLASTICS 8 6.4 FORCES ON MATERIALS 9 6.4.1 Tension and Compression 9 6.4.1.1 Yield Stress 9 6.4.1.2 The Law of Least Work 9 6.4.2 Elasticity and Plasticity 9 6.4.2.1 Elasticity 9 6.4.2.2 Linearly Elastic 10 6.4.2.3 Plasticity 10 6.4.2.3.1 Brittle 10 6.4.2.3.2 Temperature 10 6.4.3 Safety 10 6.4.3.1 Safety Factors 10 7 BEAMS AND COLUMNS 11 7.1 NEWTON'S LAWS 11 7.1.1 Equilibrium 11 7.2 TRANSLATIONAL EQUILIBRIUM 11 7.3 ROTATIONAL EQUILIBRIUM 11 7.4 BEAM ACTION 11 7.4.1 Moment if Inertia 12 7.5 SHEAR 12 7.6 BUCKLING 13 8 TRUSSES 13 9 DOMES AND DISHES 13 9.1 STRUCTURE OF DOME 13 9.2 MODERN DOMES 13 9.3 HANGING DISH 13 10 FORM-RESISTANT STRUCTURES 14 10.1 GRIDS AND FLAT SLABS 14 10.2 STRENGTH THROUGH FORM 14 10.3 CURVED SURFACES 14 10.4 BARREL ROOFS AND FOLDED PLATES 15 10.5 SADDLE ROOFS 15 10.6 COMPLEX ROOFS 15 11 SKYSCRAPERS 15 11.1 HIGH-RISE 15 11.2 STRUCTURE OF A SKYSCRAPER 15 12 APPROACH 16 12.1 DECIDING THE BUILDINGS 16 12.1.1 Criteria 16 12.1.2 location 16 12.1.3 time period 16 12.1.4 Building type 16 12.1.5 Buildings 17 13 KEMPER ARENA ROOF: KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI 17 13.1 HISTORY 17 13.2 DIMENSIONS AND STRUCTURE 17 13.2.1 Scenario 18 13.3 EXPLANATION 19 13.3.1 Media coverage 19 13.3.2 Why it collapsed 20 13.3.3 Calculations 20 14 HYATT REGENCY: KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI 21 14.1 HISTORY 21 14.2 DIMENSIONS AND STRUCTURE 22 14.2.1 Scenario 22 14.3 EXPLANATIONS 22 14.3.1 Media Coverage 23 14.3.2 Why it collapsed 23 14.3.3 Calculations 23 15 APPENDIX I: VOCABULARY 25 16 BIBLIOGRAPHY 27 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Since before the recent events of September 11th I have had an interest in why buildings fail as well as the ever-changing conditions surrounding building structures. The need to evaluate and improve modern builds is a driving force in today's architectural and structural world. I wish to explore this in depth by examining two modern...

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