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Continued spending on hard engineering coastal defences cannot be justified in geomorphological, economic or environmental terms.

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Coastal Hazards and Management "Continued spending on hard engineering coastal defences cannot be justified in geomorphological, economic or environmental terms." Hard Engineering: In civil engineering of shorelines, hard engineering is generally defined as the use of concrete break walls or steel sheet piling to stabilize shorelines and achieve safety.1 Soft Engineering: Soft engineering is the use of ecological principles and practices to reduce erosion and achieve the stabilization and safety of shorelines, while enhancing habitat, improving aesthetics, and saving money. Soft engineering is achieved by using vegetation and other materials to soften the land-water interface, thereby improving ecological features without compromising the engineered integrity of the shoreline.2 The two problems associated with coastal hazards are: 1) Erosion and loss of land and property to the sea 2) Coastal flooding These two problems are a headache to the people living near the coastline. Many solutions have been suggested. Their property is eroded away by the sea, into...

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