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Why was the Labour Party formed in the first part of the 20th Century? The Labour Party has its origins in the social and economic changes of the nineteenth century. By the second half of the century Britain had a large and growing industrial working class. Skilled workers enjoyed a rising standard of living during the nineteenth century, but social surveys showed that around 30 per cent of the working class were living in poverty. Awareness of these inequalities fuelled a demand among both the working classes and the middle-class intellectuals for social reform. At the same time socialist ideas, such as those of Karl Marx, who spent half of his life in London, had their impact. From the 1850s to the 1880s, most trade unionists supported the Liberal Party and ideas of meritocracy. In 1874, two Liberal/Labour working-class MPs were elected: Thomas Burt and Alexander McDonald. By the 1890s, Britain had...

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