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MARX'S THEORY OF SOCIAL CLASS. Many different schemes have been used to identify social classes or divisions of rank and wealth. However, it was only in the 1st three decades of the 19th century that the term 'class' gradually replaced 'estate', 'rank' and 'order' as the word used to denote divisions within society. The change of vocabulary reflected the diminishing significance of rank and ascribed or inherited qualities in general and the growing importance of possessions and income in determining social position. The word 'class' comes to us from the Romans, who used the word to divide the population into a No. of groups for the purposes of taxation. However, Marx was the 1st person to give the concept of class a significant meaning. According to Marx, "classes emerge where the relations of production are a differentiated division of labour which allows for the accumulation of surplus products that can be appropriated...

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