John Rawls in his book "Political Liberalism" lays out a political system that answers the fundamental question.
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John Rawls in his book "Political Liberalism" lays out a political system that answers the fundamental question, "How is it possible for there to exist over time a just and stable society of free and equal citizens, who remain profoundly divided by reasonable religious, philosophical and moral doctrines?" (Rawls, 4) He answers this question through a number of abstract conceptions. Rawls argues that a political conception of justice, an overlapping consensus, and public discussion conducted in terms of the political conception of justice will bring about a just and stable society of free and equal citizens. Rawls starts out by outlining his idea of "Justice is Fairness"; this idea has a number of different aspects. He lays out two primary principles of justice, uses the idea of original position to back up liberalism, and argues for the necessity of democracy beyond formal democracy. The first principle of justice is: Each...

