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In what way have contemporary philosophers and sociologists of science challenged the view that science is objective, based upon fact, and progresses cumulatively?
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In what way have contemporary philosophers and sociologists of science challenged the view that science is objective, based upon fact, and progresses cumulatively? The realisation that humans could think rationally and therefore scientifically was the defining moment in the history of human thought known as the enlightenment, the shift from pre-modern society towards modernity. According to rationalists, it was during the enlightenment that humans crossed the 'Great Divide' and moved from ignorance and faith to certainty and truth. With modernity comes the new search for the ultimate truth using methods of investigation centred on objectivity, reason and predictability. With industrialisation came technology, urbanisation and capitalism. Bilton (1997) suggested that rational forms of thought and organisation may be defining features of modernity but our relationships with them are far from straight forward. This essay will highlight some of the major theorists in contemporary sociology and philosophy who challenge the view that science...
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