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2. Why did black opposition to Apartheid change in the 1960s and 1970s? Initially black opposition to apartheid was peaceful but it later, after about 1960 became violent because of several reasons. These are some internal factors. On March 30, 1960, after the Sharpeville shooting, the government declared a state of emergency, detaining more than 18,000 people. The ANC and the PAC were banned and forced to go underground or into exile (external). As a result, they both abandoned the traditional strategy of non-violent protest and turned increasingly to armed struggle. With all the leaders imprisoned, the ANC formed an 'underground' military wing, called Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) which planned and carried out a series of military attacks which intended to destroy buildings such as power stations, and arranged for their members to be trained in neighbouring 'friendly countries' for Guerilla warfare, which was an external consequence of Sharpeville....

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