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) What are the central distinctions between psychological and theological accounts of the nature and role of conscience?
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(A) What are the central distinctions between psychological and theological accounts of the nature and role of conscience? The biggest of distinctions that obviously accounts for all the rest, is that theological accounts of conscience rely on the existence of God, whereas psychological ones do not. However, this is not to say that there are two simple ideas about conscience. The terms 'psychological' and 'theological' are very broad in terms of conscience, and although thinkers within each grouping have some basic similarities there are many different ideas within both groups. For example, Aquinas and Augustine both believe that conscience is from, or at least related to, God, yet whereas Augustine believes it be the voice of God within us, Aquinas sees it merely as a faculty of reason that helps us to do good and avoid evil (the synderesis principle). This leads onto the disagreement over whether we intuitively know...
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