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The Cosmological Argument. The cosmological or 'first-cause' argument is a classical argument for the existence of God. It does have one tremendous advantage in that it is based upon an invulnerable a posteriori premise: the existence of the universe, which we all experience and accept. Unfortunately, discussion of the argument does depend on a willingness to ask the question, 'Why is there a universe?' In a debate with Professor F. Copleston in 1947 Bertrand Russell said, 'I should say that the universe is just there, and that is all.' Such a statement cannot but cut short any further discussion. The origins of the cosmological argument pre-date Christianity. Aristotle (384-322 BCE) considered that God was the unmoved mover, the timeless and spaceless creator of all, upon whom the whole of creation depended. He also defined the term 'efficient cause', arguing that the efficient and final cause of the whole universe is God. Much later, after...

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