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Ethical issues of deception in psychological research: Ethical issues are a major area for concern in psychological studies, and that in some way or another ethical guidelines are compromised. Deception is one of the most controversial aspects in psychological research. The definition of the word deception is not always clear and is defined differentially by different people. An example of this is Hey (1998) who pointed out that 'there is a world of difference between not telling participants' things and telling them the wrong things'. On the other hand Adair, Dushenko and Lindsay (1985) define deception in psychological research as: the provision of information that actively misleads participants regarding some aspect of the study. Christensen (1977) defines deception in psychological research as an explicit misstatement of fact. For the purpose of this essay I am going to use the definition of deception cited in the Oxford English Dictionary. Here it defines deception as...

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