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"The Self-Strengthening movement was conditioned bysituations and its achievements were rather limited" - Discuss.
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"The Self-Strengthening movement was conditioned by situations and its achievements were rather limited". Discuss. China was facing the Western threat and the Anglo-Chinese wars in the beginning of the 19th C. The continuous defeated by the superficial Westerners made the Chinese realized that they were weak technologically, and needed a reform to strengthen themselves militarily. They started the Self-strengthening movement in 1864. But the defeated of China by her student, Japan in the 1st Sino-Japanese War, illustrated that the self-strengthening movement was a failure. Foreigners defeated China in both Anglo-Chinese wars. By this, China was forced to sign many unequal treaties with them, such as the Treaty of Nanjing, Treaty of Bogue and Treaty of Tianjin. These treaties opened China completely and brought humiliation to the Chinese. There were fixed tariff, heavy indemnity, and erosion of China's sovereignty, extraterritoriality and the most favored-nation treatment. The people was discontented and started to...
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