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THE THIRD REPUBLIC France was fiercely divided as a result of the defeat by the Prussians in 1870, and Napoleon III had been taken prisoner after the battle of Sedan, abdicated and retired to an English exile. So the veteran politician Thiers was elected to make peace with Germany, who demanded Alsace-Lorraine, 5 billion francs, and the keeping of an army of occupation in France until that money was paid. Thiers had to accept those conditions and the Bordeaux Assembly confirmed. But the Parisians, a group of people largely supportive of the Republicans, were not happy with that and they distrusted Adolph Thiers out of fright that a monarchy would be restored. So Paris openly rebelled on the 15th of March 1871, and the Paris Commune was established. The concept of that commune was that the Parisians would rule Paris by themselves and would be entirely independent. Thiers realized that if...

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