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Economic Changes Agriculturally, wars had left people starving, the rents were high and the lack of production meant that people could not be paid. During the Civil War, Mao noticed how peasants were willing to co-operate as long as the benefits were obvious to them. Mao aimed to up food production and prevent starvation by introducing the Agrarian Reform Law in 1950. This involved sending out communist cadres to survey land and classify the villagers on a social scale from landlord through "rich", "middle" and "poor" peasants down to landless labourers. Debts were immediately cancelled and rents reduced. Then came the transfer of surplus land from the top two categories, to the bottom two; leaving the former gentry families with just enough to live on. The situation of most middle families was unchanged. For millions of downtrodden peasants, the land reform was the heart of the Chinese Revolution. This was the moment...

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