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Body Modification: Self-Expression or Self-Abuse?  

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Body Modification: Self-Expression or Self-Abuse In many primitive rituals it is common to display feats of strength through acts of body modifications such as piercing, tattooing, branding, scarification, implants, and body suspension. These ancient rituals have not been forgotten. They are still being performed today by not only native descendants but also by groups all over the world that refer to themselves as "modern primitives." For those who are referred to as "modern primitives," the evidence shows more often than not that it is primarily abusive and destructive behavior. The significance of body modifications of all types had social, political, and religious meanings in ancient times. Body modification was used to prove ones strength and bravery to a tribal chief, to impress the family of an intended mate, or simply for adornment to enhance one's physical characteristics to make themselves more attractive to the opposite sex. However, body modification...

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