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Communication is a vital part of modern society. Information has been communicated over distances using smoke signals, beacons and flags which are seen. These systems became obsolete with the coming of the telephone and radio but now light is being used not to send signals to the eye but to send messages to electrical devices such as computers. We gather information from the Internet, television and radio. We use telephones, e-mail, mobile phones, pagers, faxes, navigational systems and video conferencing to communicate with each other. Communication systems are used to carry information such as: * Pictures both still and video * Sound such as music and voices * Computer data (bits) The information is carried in a variety of ways including through free space, through optical fibres and as electricity through metal wires. Communication systems have common stages: Input Converts message into signals Encoder Generates a coded signal for each character Transmitter Converts coded signals into a form that can be transmitted...

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