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Fuel into Food Few technologies are as directly connected to the maintenance of human life as chemical fertilizers. Although organic farming has its merits, the feeding of the world's growing population is highly dependent on synthetic nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus. At the beginning of the 20th century, naturally occurring supplies of nitrogenous fertilizer were being used up, resulting in growing concern about the possibility of eventual famine. Repeated attempts to grow crops on the same acreage results in an exhausted soil and falling crop yields. The soil can regain its fertility if it is taken out of cultivation (left fallow), but this is not an option when large numbers of people are dependent on a limited amount of cropland In the 19th century, farming began to change in a fundamental way when chemicals unrelated to organic processes began to be added to the soil. Although the consequences were revolutionary, the application of chemical...

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