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Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity Aim: To investigate factors which affect the rate at which an enzyme brakes down its substrate. Introduction Enzymes are types of proteins that exist in living organisms to catalyse reactions which break down the enzyme's substrate into its component parts. Enzymes do this by binding onto the substrate with the active site of the enzyme. This is the specific part of the enzyme designed to break down the substrate. The active site of the enzyme is specifically shaped to only accept one substrate meaning that only one (or very few) molecules can be broken down by any one type of enzyme. This can be illustrated by the lock and key analogy which was made popular by Emil Fischer in 1894. In this analogy the enzyme is a lock into which a key (substrate) fits. If the substrate is the wrong size or shape it will not fit into the lock...

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