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The Chemistry of Copper Copper has played a significant part in the history of mankind, which has used the easily accessible metal for nearly 10,000 years. Civilizations in places such as Iraq, China, Egypt, Greece and the Sumerian cities all have early evidence of using copper. A number of countries, such as Chile and the United States, still have sizable reserves of the metal which are extracted through large open pit mines. Nevertheless, the price of copper has risen rapidly, increasing 500% from a 60-year low in 1999, largely due to increased demand. The Earth has an estimated 61 years of copper reserves remaining. Getting copper from chalcopyrite, CuFeS2 Chalcopyrite (also known as copper pyrites) and similar sulphide ores are the commonest ores of copper. The ores typically contain low percentages of copper and have to be concentrated by, for example, froth flotation before refining. A chemical called a collector sticks to the...

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